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Replacing the corporate like polity by revolutionary people in India is a historic need of hour to control three economies of Indian society

Replacing the corporate like polity by revolutionary people in India is a historic need of hour to control three economies of Indian society for the poor and depressed classes of India.

 

How does both the Marxist and capitalist philosophical crisis get stimulus from the each other (9 of 15)

To analyze any society for its nature, it is necessary to see how it has its economy, political structure and the living standers of the people for a period of last five years in a common way, without many expectations from the side of the state and its foreign trading. The role of the state in the economy of society in India and its analysis as a source for all is desirable or undesirable as a subject in the equation of the economy of the society is possible solution to understand the very nature of the society. The government of India and the states beside other railway budget, the economic role of the state has ended in the economic system of the whole Indian society. It is the system of the state in the economy of the Indian society, in which the state also constitute a part as it is continuing since thousands of years, if I say exactly from the time of emergence of the state in India in its any one of its forms in India. Every one has a budget for his family to run smoothly. Bo body would celebrate with the loans and credits for the luxuries in the family but the states are in that way in providing such progress and development in the society especially in developing countries including India.

 The word ‘development” is common word, but its parameters are different from one to another in calculating the economy of the country. Of them one is the direct economy of its own by the people who sets themselves in the structure of society by offering their services and gets the same from the society by paying to one another either through produces or through the services in their relevancy, without any other intervention. Another one is the state through its influence of the powers in the society by offering its services to the people for which it used to collect like a trader in the Indian society. While discussing about the economy, the principal sources of the society could be identified upon which the entire society is based and depended. Every organic life, if want to exist, it need food and continues its life on its best available options one can use for his own body as well as the other bodies of the members in every society. Other wise the life would never run with starvations for more than a week time for anybody to live life.

 So it is all about to see how it is mixed with each other and become one before the people through the state in the form of state, and federal budget, in a broad way, by leaving out the foreign trading of the Indian capitalist sections. For the broad based economy of the self sustainability of the people in India in which mostly depended upon the agriculture field, beside their professional customary supporting income during the seasons because, a living human life would never sleep empty stomach for more than one to days even for an argument in favor of the poor and under privileged sections in India, a seasonal migration in search of work is different because it is part of broader economic base of the country wherever he goes for his earning for himself or for other members of the family. The question of non-resident Indian is different as they are in support of the economy of the society and keeps sending their money to their nearest is different. Here the entire economic issue is related only to the people of the rural areas, where they are working on the agriculture sector which is the largest part of the economic sectors of the country in which the majority lives are based and the people are continuing their lives. That is the self sufficient economy of the people in India as it is continuing since the invention of the agriculture and domestication of the animals. It is also very safest economy in the world, because the people can live with rice and wheat besides a spicy power with self produced oils in the customary way, unlike the people of United States depending upon the Chinese foods and fast foods, at the credit cards. This is one of the reasons of debt trap of the ancient Greeks to become the slaves of the rich class in their ancient society. The great depression and its effect did not affect the real rural lives of the people though they are poor and under privileged but always self sufficient and reliant with each other in cooperating in the hard hours of the droughts and other natural calamities. Starvation deaths may be high in some vidhrba; telangana like areas in India but all these deaths does not constitute any relativity to the social economy of the country. It is very clear that the people who are only in the central place and their lives are only basic contributions and requirements in the society as a primary unit in the broader platforms of the entire economy of the country.

 The human nature, the head of the family and the members of the family whose requirements and their contributions are the fundamental and basic unit around which some other factors such as aid or assistance from the government of India or from state government adds as additions to their lives upon which they never depend in their entire lives because the human nature was and is in India laborious and hard working and could never see a man or woman of above sixty sitting idle in the rural areas. So the basic and primary unit of the society is a family which works and continues their lives in tight adjustments and some times free according to the minds and moods of the people including occasions of the festivals, for which they never like to borrow any thing from others, because they are living still in identifying the values worth and shame in the eyes of the society. Of course the drinking arrack is an isolated activity of income source for him and he sees that the family be run in smooth way. So no such activity could be seen as regular and continuous in any family as a general practice of the individuals. Because small isolated acts does not constitute the main feature of the activities of the families in the rural India.

 The priority of the issues for the family is all most all are in general in which the common and needed one is the health for which everybody use the money as a basic need of the members of the family. Deaths due to non-availability of the medicines are not a part of the state, because it is not dependable and not even trusted friend of the family of the rural India, but it is not trusted one. Even a money lender give some token cash to the known villagers in the midnight hours on the knock of the needful, though he may charge additional interest, but he is still a trusted friend in the rural families in India and since last sixty years the nationalized banks could not succeed to replacing the money lender’s role in the rural areas. Even in the Soviet Union, the people could never like to depend on the free public distribution system and started looking at the out side of the social system of the socialist pattern because of the delay in delivery, negligent attitude, and arrogant behavior of the machinery of state which could not be habituated the system of socialist model of the administration at that time.

This is also one of many reasons in collapse of the socialist system of the state in Soviet Union. Waiving off the loans of the village farmers by the government of India lead by the present Prime Minister, Dr. Man Mohan Singh, is seen smiling on the faces of many rural people in India, though it is a dynamic decision on the part of congress party government in serving the rural people in this way, but it is also a regretful to say that they could not replace the “lending conditions” from the lives of the rural people. The amount was more than seventy thousand lakh crores. The previous so called national governments, found not time to think about lives of the rural India, except, empty slogans with encouraging of the lumpen sections with half knowledge against its own people on the name of the religion in the country for the entire rule in the country. Though the act of the state in waiving of the debt of the rural farmers is something like a saving of the lives from the debt-traps which is the primary and fundamental form of the slavery of the people even though we may live in the capitalist form state of society, but it is proved the ‘state’ even in its changing natures from time to time on issue to issue, while dealing with the people has not lost its welfare nature in this issue. In the centre of all issues in the society the family and its regular activity in its own without relying on the other additional sources for living as a basic element which would never be replaced until and unless the people start feeling hard in attending their own domestic needs in side the house without going out in search of work, Indian economy would never loose its grip in self reliance.

The system of capitalism, widens the scope of opportunities for earning all maximum members of the society in different fields and on the other side too it dismantles the structure of the unity of the family, and drag all the members out to the road with the naked and half naked bodies in the midnight as a search of additional sources to the lives of the people. During the period of the great depression, in United States a common, practice was that a peace of bread was costlier than the sex with a babe. But in the Soviet Union the situation was never happened there and the people were well aware about the happenings in the social economy, and at that time when the capitalist system was passing through the hard times of the worst economic conditions globally. However, the economy was recovered globally in later times. since last three years, the obama government is working hard on some parts of economic dead locks in united states, caused many hopes to the global analysts including communist circles on the recession but it is immediately appeared that it is in the way of recovering from its crisis. But it is a pain killer like relief only.The people can keep their economic foundations strong as the first step by working hard in their own fields of production despite ready made imports.

While continuing about the issue of rural Indian economy, which is based on the individual labor and a simple available source for the way of getting their lively hood besides, the rural professions, irrespective of the classification of the classes in the rural villages. Percentage of the dependence of the people on the agriculture and its related fields in rural areas are more than seventy percent in some loose account. The land ownership issues but the landless labor, below 2 acres, more than five acres and more than ten acres, does not constitute any idea about to classify the strength and nature of the village unit because it depends on the fertility in its produce with its location for irrigation facilities from one region to another region. One acre land in any village of Krishna district is more valuable than the barren land of ten acres in mahbubnager, and Warangal districts. The daily wager, small farmer, middle class former, rich farmer and the feudal lord, all these groups live together in every village in the country. The lands data is given below for classification of the people in rural India. Including these classification, of the rural people as a unit in the agro based income groups, there are another groups also constituted which works only on the trade and commerce of the other articles, as they constitute a nominal part. The metallic based communities also resides ion the rural areas. Rural metal based artisan section and other service related which has engaged in the service sector either through the state or through the private and self employed sections in the society. Still the village community trade is widely seen every where in India once in a week. The agro based rural economy for the livelihood of the poor is still strong in the rural areas, and could survive few weeks during the strikes, agitations, and in curfew like situations but the urban people would never prepare themselves to meet such unforeseen situations for three days and come out from the houses frequently seen demanding the relaxation of curfew hours if it is exceeds more than forty eight hours. The basic difference between rural and urban areas is completely based on the living habits and thinking styles of the people of both in rural and urban regions.

The recent developments in the corporate sector, that the opening of the reliance’s barber shops, in capital cities is evident that the corporate bodies and their greed is showing that how does they want to utilize the opportunity of the weakness and laziness of the of the urban area where the reliance’ fresh vegetable out lets, are offering, the vegetables on more than double of the costs to the people of the urban areas, whose changing trend in the way of thinking about these outlets of the corporate bodies and of course they would pay its high price in their future. These trends are different from the lifestyles of the rural people, and they never surrender easily to pay the excess costs to the traders as a matter of customary thoughts and practices they are still believes in their lives.

This kind of tendency in the minds of the people definitely represent on the economic system of the family and it further influence immediately on the village or the hamlet village economy of the country, because a taxi driver changes to and from district head quarter to any surrounding village of hundred and one fifty kilometers range because he never get any single passenger from the village back to the head quarter. If it of the habit of the people, the state transport authorities arranges one extra trip to that villages. It is not I mean that the rural people have not been able to locate in the changing and creative spaces of the corporate markets and in the habits in living such a way of what they represent in a different way in their lives. In their list of priorities after, the essential commodities with their earned money, they spends in entertainment, and cosmetics, it is not a matter to those who are living below poverty line but it’s the next class of people in the economic structural hierarchy in the rural India. That is why the next in the list of ration of any family it is occupies in the next of all prerequisites of the family including the medicine.

The field of entertainment which could be in its form what the people like in their areas, mini theaters, tape recorders, soaps, oils, and sometimes a desirable food on festival accessions usually and viewing the cinemas at their nearby theatres, the people prefer to spend their lives. This king of life is seen everywhere in India. Other issues of the village is different from the lives of the people because if it is the electricity if available, It is their part and they will pay to the government company or any private company it is different from the lives of the people. The previous government was opened a direct a department of disinvestment of selling out all the government run companies on the name of sick industries including the profit earning public sector companies to the private corporate capitalist companies on only due to distancing itself from the maintenance risks. It was their government within their level they have done in the country. the lives of the people in most of the parts of the country except in few exceptional cases of the priorities list of the day to day lives is all most all the same with some little difference and the bicycle is still a male transport in the most of the villages in India, kerosene, petrol, and the agricultural sickle etc are the essential parts of the rural people. In recent times ministers at both central and state governments openly admits on the price rise on the essential commodities that they have nothing to do in controlling the prices of the essential commodities to the people. It is correct their speaking is correct in fixing the prices in the economy.

A prime minister, or a district collector, or superintendent of police do not able to fix the rates of any commodity in the market, because they are the third part and do not have any role to play with the costs and expenditure of the commodity in bringing out to the market. The original cost and value of Even a milk and salt packet would never be decided by these political people in the affairs of the economy of the country, except, declaring subsidies on some commodities like agricultural equipments, seeds, pesticides and supporting costs in support of the farmers in some states only, they can arrange crop loans, something like out side support and adding supporting price to the purchasing companies like food corporation of India in a small level in a one or two commodities in seasons only. These steps never make any out side agency, though it may be state, represented by the prime minister, or chief minister to get complete control over the entire process of the production level of the commodity to its selling level from the side of the farmers.

So it is confirmed that the economy and its affairs in the country is not in the hands of the state, and the state has no role to play in fixing the prices of the essential commodities in the Indian economy. It is also many times proved while in discussions on the issues of the taxi, and auto meter’s minimum rates fixations with their leaders at that time. Because the state, had represented on behalf of the city passengers and they were on their own and finally they used to arrive on consideration of proposals of the state representatives with the owners of the taxies and autos in India.

The budget in 2010-2011, presented by the finance minister, government of India in its statements showed that its total receipts in this year are rupees in crores, 1108749 and it has the same in its total expenditure with primary deficit of rupees in crores is, 132744 only. And the payment of the interest from its receipts is rupees in 248664 only. How much does this amount consist in the whole national economy of the country? Shall it stand in any percentage of the people’s economy in country? How far the state has legitimate authority on the economy of the people. by simply contributing a coin from the taxes of the corporate bodies and from the income tax payers of the country. The defense service expenditure is 87344 in crores. The police expenditure is 22154 in crores The Andhra pradesh’s budget had crossed the amount of one lakh crores in this year. The loans, advances, principal amounts of debt from global agencies could be more than double or even in triple on the original revenue collections of both governments in India besides all these balances of the every year.

In essence including the railway budget, every one’s work in earnings is directly and indirectly contributing to the state, in return the state is giving security to its people, and the people of the rural areas, are well aware about the role of the state which on the name of welfare, it is roads, electricity, communication, and protection from the fellow human beings through the largest establishments of police, defense, courts, arms, and the laws are giving as a customary to its people, For which one constitution, and more than one crore personnel engaged in these activities from the side of state. Though it may give pensions, provision of employment guarantee scheme besides some other welfare activities in the country it is nothing to count in percentage  on the basis of accountability of the state to the people in the courts which would identify the real burden on the shoulders of the people on the name of protection. Moreover, thousands of the political deaths in every year for winning a power game in the country. though the state, which is non productive in its nature and it is service related body for the protection of its own people in a such a way which could really satisfy the functioning style of the state through the thousands of laws and acts as documents for following the guidelines in adjudication of the peace and justice to the civilians in the country.

In a protest rally was spontaneously turned as rally after Friday prayer, the police was fired to control the mob which had been suspected to go on vandalism, in which six people was killed and many injured. It is good on the part of police while controlling, the six killed, and the same number of people killed in the bomb blast incident on which in the form of protest, the young guys came out to show their protest. These two incidents constitutes the same kind of mentalities as appeared in the society, because the terrorists are terrorist who wanted to kill the Muslims and the police also acted in the same way of killing equal number of men. But in real investigation of the CBI, it is come to know that work of planting the bombs was the handy work of the Hindu fundamentalist in the city of Hyderabad. The forbs magazine, this year, had issues the list of richest persons in which, six persons from India, have been placed in it. They are, Mukesh Ambani, anil ambani, shashi and Ravi Ruia, Savitri Jindal, Kushal Pal Singh, Kumar Birla, Sunil Mittal and whose assets worth is more than the Indian budget. While in the starting the business, dhiru ambani he invested rupees fifteen thousand only in a partnership with champak lal dhamani in early sixtees, now his two sons are in the list of top hundred business magnets in the world.

There are many success stories like these brothers and the essars (SR) in India as individuals who are established their empire in their respective fields without, murder, firing and encounter either real or fake, in their respective fields. But in the political sphere of the state, in which who occupied the highest posts as prime ministers and presidents, chief minister, union ministers, state ministers, supreme court judges, high court judges, cabinet secretaries, principal secretaries, parliament speaker, chief of the army, navy, more than one crore personnel of the state and central governments, railways, more than thousand enforceable acts and laws above all Indian constitution, Indian penal code, criminal procedure code, and hundred of codes in India are just operating and living upon the cost of the tax collections from the individuals, on the name of welfare state, whose cost and worth is more less than the few Indian richest persons in India. Then the question should arise in the minds that these posts and highest designations are even less in the cost of the Indian society of original worth a small district as its cost as per the market values would be more than high of funds of the posts of the government of India in a loose account. The system of operation of the funds under each of the head of the political as well as administrative level through the units in all level from New Delhi to ward member of village gram panchayath by avoiding double account of the single amount from the releasing point to last reaching level could be more than fifteen to twenty thousand. If it is calculated from the level of senior civil service officers level to the last level of executive officer of the gram panchayath in all levels of operating of the funds these amounts are making less value of any chief executive of the global business corporate body. If it is not more than it appears, why all the rich come to the assemblies, parliaments, to control the whole system of the independent economy of the country from the separation of the “state” revenues and receipts in the name of public service.

These posts by coming through the elections on the name of democracy, on nomination of registered political parties in the country have to control the three economies of the country, including under ground economy which is banned economy under the legal tag. These people’ whose services, and credibility was identified as desirable one after the independence, because they were actively participated in the struggle and had a zeal to serve the nation and make the nation self sufficient for which they had their vision in their minds without any personal interest, they resumed the highest posts in the country. But since last twenty five, thirty years why the rich people are entering into these posts is a question and why does these people want to uses the mighty force of the security forces against the people who were the legitimately living on the soils since thousands of years.

In the issue of the state, with its members, it could be resolved within itself through its system of administration inside of the executive level mostly up to ninety nine percent and remained one percent cases could be resolved in its tribunals and judiciary of the country. If the problem arises in the society in the issue of wages and on some service matters of the private sector industries, the disputes could be resolved through the negotiations of the leaders of the trade unions and the remained problems if any, could be sorted out through the labor courts. If the problem arises only on the system of democratic form of the government, in which all the rich are being elected on the party tickets, and doing all the beneficial of himself and his or her people within the five years, and leaving the seats on the defeat in the elections next time. In essence the “state” which controls security forces and using these forces against its own people on questioning the wrongs policies and asking to do the right work in the interest of the poor since last four to five parliament election. At the same time, for keeping alive the constitutional

The election’s policy of the “state” on the name of democracy is completely failed since last five parliamentary elections. Because the constitutional process should be moved in its own circle irrespective of the participation of the people in the election process for electing the government to fill the vacant seats with somebody whoever is not a question as a need for those who are in the remaining parts of the constitutional organs in the democratic set of the country. Everywhere it is fixed to replace the paralyzed part with functional one in its entire system of the written constitution. But it is so sad to see that no super check apparatus is available in the mechanism on the over all observation of checks and balances of constitution out side of the constitution with constitutional validity of the paralyzed organs of the executive portions in the entire constitution. It is proved in the case of Assam assembly elections in February, 1982, where in under the influence of the movement by all Assam students union, and Assam ganaparishad, to bye cot the assembly election. Then the state machinery had forced the people to vote irrespective of the parties, particularly the security forces under their gun point in each assembly segment they were succeeded in securing the voted in just hundreds only an all assembly segments. On the counting system of the votes according to the political parties which were in fray secured below hundred only and who’s who were secured in majority of voted, they were declared elected as members of legislative assembly of Assam. At that some could hardly fifty or sixty votes only. Soon after that the chief minister hiteshwar saikia was declared elected as chief minister of Assam which was totally under command and control of the them prime minister, smt indira Gandhi, who could not reveal the great quote of her father pundit Jawaharlal Nehru, while thinking for finding s solution to the constitutional dead lock in Assam, which is,” Crises and deadlocks when they occur have at least this advantage, that they force us to think”. During these elections of Assam, the 3000 poor Indian Muslim (not Bangladeshi)   people in the Nelly under nagaon district were brutally massacred in day light. Till this day no body is thought about the reason of massacre. Let the thousands and even lakhs may die, but do not keep the seat vacant to keep constitution alive from its brake down is the principle of the democracy which is common in all states in the world, the heart of the Indian constitution is the set of political parties, how does the nature they contain while discharging the duties from the highest posts in power in not a question but it is an obligation whether he or she is in the seat or not without leaving the vacant because all the organs are following in the similar way of British practice, the king is dead long live the king. A quotation of the great leader v.i.  Lenin is in mind to remind about the people and politics here which says “Politics begin where the masses are, not where there are thousands, but where there are millions that is where serious politics begin”.

Though the name “democracy” is only a presumption in the minds of the people by following the process of elections through those are present in the posts and designations which holds elections from time to time by the different people. The covers many contain the posts of Prime minister, president, chief justice if India, chief election commissioner, army chief, etc, etc. when the personal failure through the posts does not confirm the failure of the posts itself from its period of entire existence, if it goes with complete failure in the similar way for more than thirty, thirty five years without proper check, it constitutes that the failure of the entire system. So that entire system is likely to fail because the political system and its structure is completely based and depended upon the social system of economy of the state. If it is checked the manifestoes of all registered parties since their registration, with the comparative study with their implementation of the policies promised to the people through the party manifestoes every rime before the parliament and assembly elections, no election commissioner or any court have issued memo to the presidents and general secretaries of the political parties at least after completion of term of five years in the history of the Indian constitution since last sixty years.

The election commission of India has to register any political party in India as a national party or as a regional party is depended up on it application of the party with a draft copy of the election manifesto, upon which the election commission has to register the party as a party in India irrespective of its aims and objects of the manifesto of the party concerned. Election commission does not have any obligation on the draft of the political party as a party either national party or regional party irrespective of its aims and objects of the party concerned. Those parties does not file its application as a political party is no way concerned with the election commission, because it has not such obligation in its internal matter of the aims and objects of the political party in its draft manifesto. The issue of contest of the elections and not to contest in the election is purely internal matter of the political party which clearly submits in its draft manifesto as to whether contest in the election or not to contest in the election along with the reasons behind these questions as well as the aims and objects of the party in its manifesto of the draft, explaining these issues as an internal matter of the political party for which it asks the people to stand and support for it

Because the draft of the manifesto of the political party is the internal matter of the political party for which the election commission does not have the power to insist for participation in the election. Till now the election commission is following the procedure in cognizing the party as a party according to the draft of the political party as it is not way concerned with the election commission of India. The election commission of India in its site clarifies as “Only an association or body of individual citizens of India calling itself a political party and intending to avail itself of the provisions of Part-IV-A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, (relating to registration of political parties) is required to get itself registered with the Election Commission of India” .the election commission of India is a body authorized to register a political party as an association or as apolitical party, on the considering the copy of memorandum or rules of the political party as it is clarified in the section 5 of sub-section (1) of the part 4 (a), of the representation of the people act 1951which says as follows.

“(5) The application under  sub-section  (1)  shall be accompanied by  a  copy  of  the  memorandum  or  rules  and  regulations  of  the association or body, by whatever  name  called, and such memorandum or rules  and  regulations  shall  contain  a specific provision that the association or  body  shall  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance to the Constitution  of India as by law established,  and  to  the principles of  socialism,  secularism  and  democracy  and   would   uphold   the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India”. In the content it is further clarified that the election commission is the final authority in considering the application for registration of the party under this section of the Representation of the People Act 1951. The criterion of registering any political party as a political party is based on the polling of the votes besides previous back ground of the activities of the political party in the participation in the elections only. The election commission of India has limited powers only in the case of verification of the political parties manifesto as to whether they are following their own memorandum after coming to the power in the centre or in the state is not a matter of the election commission of India. Even less if I speak about is implementation of the rules and regulations of any political party in India, would be good, because, it is constitution that provides the prime minister ship and chief minister ship in India who could demolish the religious structures and who could kill more than five thousand people, with its force. In the very first stage the election commission of India has failed completely in many respects, in its immediate duties of cancellation of the recognition of such political parties which directly declares their faith in killing the innocents on the name of religion for so many times as a their memorandum itself speaks about their philosophy of killing the others religious people in the name of  religious “majority” faith, which they publicly frequently claim as their faith “does not come into the limits of the courts” in India. On the other hand, the congress party also did not have a clean in anti-Sikh riots in Delhi. The list of registered national parties is the Indian national congress, bharatiya janata party, bahujan samaj party, samajvadi party, Samata party, communist party of India, communist party of India (Marxist), as national parties, besides other regional parties in India. The performance of these parties, before coming to power and during and before conducting the next lok sabha is not checked through any constitutional machinery and the entire constitutional machinery has fixed the people as they are only responsible for voting to power to rule the nation by awarding another chance in next elections to dethrone these parties from the government.

The constitution of India in other words is a lifeless skeletal set up of the bones only and would come into a complete shape with the muscles only for which the process of it starts only from the date of issue of the election commission after the consultation of the political leaders of the registered parties.

Once these parties come into the power the election commission become a hand kerchief of the people in the names of the government which runs by the political ideologies and their philosophies of the two individuals only since the first elections in India under the British government to the present day. The two ideologies have two different claims on their political manifestoes since last seventy-Eighty years; the two individuals are none other than   Gandhi mahatma and Nathuram Godse. These two ideologies are still in the field, before them many came and many went but, they have stood against each, and the remained political parties, of which, the nominal role the both communists are playing besides the regional equations of the rise and decline of the south Indian and shiv sena in maharashtra and shriromani akali dal Punjab. It is a good comment on the word mahatma to  Gandhi, made by renowned  poet, thabu Mbeki, the former president of South Africa ” he came to us as Gandhi, but we made him mahatma,” while referring to the days of residing in south Africa. And the other one is godse, whose confession is in the court on “why I killed Gandhi” and the case is well known to the world. In exact sense, the claim of these two parties is on the thoughts of Gandhi mahatma and his assassin godse for the power in the centre and states. The history of shiv sena for its notorious activities in maharahashtra is well known.

At the same time, the international situation after the 9/11 attacks, United States’ reaction in Afghanistan and hangiging of saddam Hussein, have added fuel to Islamic terrorists to include Indian soils in their listed targets for bombings in cities. These developments have given additional opportunity to the right wings’ politically inspired Hindu cultural organizations to plant bombs in Muslims masjids and shrines, of malegaon, ajmer, and Hyderabad for gaining ground and control of the whole nation. But their expectations could not yield their desired level of results in damaging the image of India in the international decision making centers. Sooner or later, the law and its investigative agencies found that the Hindu terrorists are behind the bomb blasting in India since last fifteen years and all these cases should be reinvestigated again from this angle in the interest of the nation. These destructions and thousands of the killings in the blame game of the power politics in India is only to control three economies of the Indian society, as they are already listed as the power seeking political leaders through their parties, where as the other similar violence oriented left wing extremism has become unbearable ideological burden on the part for magic numbers in the parliament and assembly seats. The very aspect of the bye-cot of the elections though a tactic whatever they propagate from their ideological frame work, the past experiences in Andhra Pradesh is seen as evidence when the new political party was initiated by the NTR, in 1982, he became chief minister and started the implementation of the encounter killings of the left wing leaders and every day statements were seen in news papers, that these anti-social elements would be wiped out, within two years, three years, after. Before coming to power he declared that “the naxalites are the real patriots of the nation” which was already slogan of that party, after five years, his party was defeated by congress party and the marri. Chenna reddy had become chief minister of Andhra Pradesh in 1989 assembly elections. In the assembly elections the left wing cadre very seriously worked against the NTR’s Telugu desam party, NTR (Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao) had been defeated by the congress party.

The new chief minister has given freeness to hold the public meetings and rallies openly. That much biggest public meeting, I saw for second time in my life, was organized in Warangal district. I saw the first meeting, which was mobilized by both communist parties in Vijayawada in 1981 where the gathering of the people, I never forget the history of the both Indian communist parties in India in organizing a huge gathering. After coming to power dr. marry chenna reddy, had given such chance to utilize the legal space for the publicity of the (revolutionary) voice in the people for less than year. But the security forces in the state specially active forces began sensing that they would never get the non-vegetarian food for their greed in proving the heroes in the eyes of the society without carrying a revolver in the hand moving in the public showing like the heroes in killing the anti-social elements in their view as they were come from the back ground of the anti-revolutionary forces on the name of akhil baratiya vidhyarthi parishad banners in their colleges as well as from the feudal families against whom they (revolutionaries) were struggling for the hike of the wages and freeness from the bondage.

The (revolutionary) struggle was primarily aimed to occupy the land of the land lords on the basis of land to the tiller. All the feudal and upper caste children were started working against them by informing about their movements and some were secured the new uniform of the police in retaliatory way, and the killings were started under the blessings of the government of the congress in the state. The period of the congress government was ended and elections were declared for the assembly, the cadre and the people were again worked hard against the congress government due to the encounter killings be giving full liberty to the security forces for the benefit of the congress party as well as the individual police officers. Resultantly the congress government was defeated by these people in the entire state. The next chief minister of Andhra Pradesh was sworn in as chief minister again. After one or two years, the revolt in his own party raked up by his own nephew against him, and in the game of success the new chief minister from his own party, nara Chandra babu naidu was come to power. He continued the same policy of encounter killings of the revolutionary party in the state. Consequently, hundreds and thousands were killed and many police officers were also killed in retaliatory actions of the revolutionary party in the state.  it was continued for nine years under the chief minister ship of nara Chandra babu naidu, against whom the all the members of the revolutionary party workers worked, but that was not worked out congress party did not come to the power for which these revolutionary party worked, by calling all the time to boycott the elections in every assembly elections which was continued for more than 25 years. At last the thousands were killed and the revolutionary party was wiped out from the Andhra Pradesh since thirty years. The policy of the boycotting election each time was used two parties directly in every five years because, when the congress party was in power, these people have worked against the government, like an opposition party in the people wherever they have strong hold which was once in more than fifteen districts as of the state. Consequently the Telugu desam party comes to power. Keeping in view of the role of these people in his mind, sri. Nara Chandra babu naidu, who was come to power by mobilizing a revolt against his uncle NTR to become chief minister, who was planned out a strategy of killing these people for his own benefit by using the entire police force and central forces against these people. In his first, five years of term he was succeeded in eliminating the influence of these revolutionary people in the voting system against the government which is dominated by the political party in the state.

In such type of repressive way he used to keep by spending hundreds of crores of the rupees through the state police by directly sanctioning the unaccounted operating funds to the district and state police officials in the task. Routine encounters news made the people to read the news daily in those days, because these revolutionary people policy of boycotting the elections resulted back firing to them. Because the rural people want a political support for which they want to connect themselves with any political party as a precautionary measure to get help from the political leader in any critical time of the need. The thinking style of the rural people always differs from the urban people, and they are more realistic than the urbanized minds on each and every issue. They give priority first to their work which get something beneficial directly or indirectly for their daily life.

They never think the politics is the whole time ands whole activity as profession. Because either reactionary, or revolutionary, these all are the part of politics and politics is the play of the rich and who only can afford the cost of the politics. The politics is a play of power what they really understand about it. Though the revolutionary politics may differ from the ruling politics, but these could never get bread for a day to the family what really thinks about the politics. Even on the polling day too they return from their daily labor work at last hour only, and could think to avoid their daily labor. If I ask them to pay the cost of the day of the polling date, they replies intelligently, that u give to day, on who will give us tomorrow, if I reply I give for tomorrow, then they reply again who will give after one week or one month, because they want the assurance from the sources for future needs, due to this reason the parents and family members of the whole time workers of the revolutionary party, would never support the revolutionary son, brother, or sister, though he may serve the people or not is not a question but a question is such the politics never helpful to the poor whether it is revolutionary or ruling, they never like to listen to the explanation. In a particular cases, where the entire village to gather becomes under the command of the revolutionary party due to the reason of guarantee and trust of each other because the village elders, youth, women, traders, rural artisans, rural professions of all castes in unity as a moral force for some rear activities of the meetings and on important decisions of the occupation of the lads of the land lords, and at the time of voting and elections. the people on the whole understands the revolutionaries really and like very much at the same time uses the revolutionaries especially in the local and domestic disputes at that time. they really helpful in the needy hour of arranging the food to them in the most secret way, really only can speak a lot about the revolutionary experiences in their lives by those who are still alive and living in the forests by handing over the poor people to the beasts and wild animals in the hard hours of the present day of the crisis and dead locks on the issues of the building of mass movements even in the way of peaceful protests and demonstrations in Andhra Pradesh which is now the turned suicides’ telangana.

The telangana has seen three phases of the telangana since last seventy years. Of them one was the people was waged armed struggle against the princely state of the nizam dynasty, feudal lords, on the demand of land to the tiller, under the leadership of the undivided communist parties till the annexation of the state by the then union home minister vallabh Patel, which was known as “operation polo.” More than five thousand people were died during the telangana armed struggle which is very historical in the history of the undivided communist party of India. Next, on the demand of the separate telangana state at the end of the sixties, three hundred and sixty nine students were killing in police firing.  Some crores of assets were burnt down by the telangfana students. Those leaders were in leading in this agitatation, forgot the issue after coming to power in Andhra Pradesh.

Since last November to the preset days’ suicide death of ishant reddy, there are more than four hundred suicide deaths are taken place as the direct result of the contradictory role of the political leaders on the talangana issue that could never be studied by these young students because they have seen the hundreds of the deaths of political revolutionaries in the hands of the police. The violence of the revolutionaries and encounter killings their could not prepared themselves to meet the future challenges as the power politics only thought them to away from the violence only and did not educate them politically with the courage and self respect for bravely living life .The suicidal aspect in the minds of the students is the direct sign of the failure of the power politics. There is one question in the minds of leaders of the two political parties, about how to get political mileage from the telangana issue.

The first culprit is sri. Nara Chandra babu Naidu, who turned out against his own promise made during the floor leader’s meeting under the chair of sri.K roshaiah, in passing resolution in the state assembly in favor of telangana state. On placing his party below the independent candidates in the polling results by the voters, he has no courage to show his blotted face to telangana people. So that he did not visit to any district of telangana in these bye elections.  It is so regretful, to say that the national president of the congress party, smt. Sonia Gandhi, who till now did not talk to the people on the suicides of the telangana people, the people can live without it too but how would she live without seeking support of telangana votes in making her son next prime minister would be understood in appropriate time of next elections. In bye elections her party could not get deposits in telenagana. Now it is the issue of the nation, it will be decided after the submission of the report of Sri Krishna commission. ishant reddy, native of medak district, engineering student, who has immolated himself, and he wrote a suicide note showing some reasons of the extreme decision”Ishant, who hailed from Medak district, also wanted that Congress and TDP leaders like D. Srinivas, Jana Reddy, Damodar Reddy, Sridhar Babu, K. Venkat Reddy, Kadiam Srihari, E. Dayakar Rao and N. Janardhan Reddy be declared “traitors” of Telangana and hanged publicly”.  Further he asked to “hang” them publicly. He left out by leaving many questions to the people and the leaders of all political parties of two ideologies again about the violent way and non violent in getting solved the minimum and democratic problems in the state. The suicide tendency in the minds of the young students is the direct result of the “helpless” ness of the young student’s just demand of the telangana state. But the residence of ten Jan path would never become Indian Buckingham palace, even though the Gandhi linage continues for next five hundred years. And at least she did not find any necessity in sending condolence message to the relatives of the decease in telangana state. When The India had seen many great legendaries, who are now lying in the graves in Delhi streets, how much value makes her condolence message to the relatives of departed souls in telangana.in essence would be understood. The politics is an activity of the non productive elements of the society and its play in the name of political parties for the power in centre and in the state on the issue of separation of the territorial state which is in real sense an empty bowl to collect the forced money from the people with the help of the police force of the state. In that politics it consist a small part in the total political games. It is seen in further games it is nothing but the blaming game against each other for further money making into thousands of crores. They are on the name of money making machines only besides playing with the needs and aspirations of the poor people.  it is also completely dependable games on the minds of the leaderships of the political parties in the country. it is worrying point to think about the future of the youth how are sees much confident of getting jobs, resources, and every thing after getting the telangana state. It is then too that needs to develop and accommodate limited members only like any other state as a territorial state. On the realization of this fact how many would commit suicides in future of a matter of worry for all telanganites. So the talangana issue, as seen in the two ideologies of the difference, in its first two cases, the armed struggle for the land was raised and ended after the operation of polo in Hyderabad. The next phase of the telangana agitation of the students at end of sixties was also based on the violence. Now the third phase which is passing is completely against its true nature of the past two agitations besides the revolutionary movements from the period of 1969 to 2005 in telangana. In the present movement of telangana which is purely non-violent and peaceful in nature. In many reasons behind its formulation of the nature with non-violence and peace is first initiated by the k. Chandra shaker rao, who was the seasoned leader from the ruling Telugu desam party and naturally he wanted to emerge a leader in the state for the sole aim and purpose of the separate telangana state. What should do when the justified demand is not getting successful from the rulers? What the ways are available in the hands of the people to solve the minimum problems either from the government side or from the masters by the workers and the people in the present form of the arrogant capitalist democratic set up of the state and the government.

The breaking point in the sole agitations was taken place only when KCR was arrested and admitted into khammam hospital, he hurriedly declared that he was withdrawing his protest fast unto death in last November month. The people in talangana mostly the students could not digest the decision of the KCR and the students of Osmania university have declared their name of their organization as JAC, for leading the agitation of the telangana irrespective of political affiliations. Since then the serious activities are going on in the state. The issue itself could be resolved without appointing Sri Krishna commission on the separate state, if the TDP chief, stood on his promise at time. The human mind, which changes from time to time as its nature, because it is not machine to stick to its promise, he had taken out a tour to divert the attention of the telangana people to the babli, project site in maharashtra state. In essence, the problems, and its solutions could never be applied any more in the purpose of serving the people as a sole but it always contains the individual interest for the political benefits to reach to the set of the power whether it is about the telangana or about solving the national issues of the people in deferent parts of the country. At least hundreds of the problems are pending since several decades only due to the negligence and arrogance of the leaders who occupies highest positions in all national decision making centers and finding no time to resolve it peacefully. Moreover more dependence on the security force is a mark of intellectual bankruptcy of the leaders who does not have sacrificial nature to serve the people from the side of the state. The state has a limited source and finance, and always pushing it into economic crisis is not desirable for the people, even though it may control three economies in Indian society like any another state in the world.. All these spaces in the polity should be first filled by those who have really humanist orientation while dealing with the people with the true spirit of the article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which says particularly to those who are in power and in power centers,  as “•Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it is independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty”. At the same time, one good definition on the state is given by George Washington, is very interesting to note the real nature of the state as he said that “Government is not reason; it is not eloquent; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master.

 

 

Ayub Mohammed                                                           (to be continued in 10 of 19)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accutane Acne Treatment – What Your Need To Know

Accutane is a medication that is prescribed by a physician for serious types of acne. Accutane is extremely effective at fighting serious forms of acne, because it targets the main causes of acne; that being sebum production pores becoming clogged with sebum and killing the P. acnes bacteria that infects the skin causing pimples.
Accutane is the trade name for the drug name Isotretinoin. There are many different names used for this medicine, however Accutane is most popular name used in the USA for this medication. Since Accutane is a commercial product, you can also use the generic form of Isotretinoin called Claravis.
Accutane treatment usually lasts from two to six months and usually includes a treatment of .50 to 200 mg per day. Usually an Accutane treatment can cost $150 to over $200 per month. The more mg. per day of Accutane usually the higher the cost. It should be noted that most health insurance companies do not reimburse or pay for Accutane. It most cases health insurance companies consider Accutane a cosmetic medication, however if you require Accutane to fight cysts or nodules, many health insurance companies will cover you due to the fact they don’t consider this use to be cosmetic in practice.
Because there are many side effects associated with Accutane, in order to receive a prescription, you will need to sign up with the FDA program called iPledge. iPledge was mainly started to prevent pregnant women on Accutane from having children with birth defects. Besides signing up for iPledge, females that would like to receive an Accutane prescription must take two pregnancy exams, both showing negative and continue to take a pregnancy exam each month while taking the medication. In addition, women who are sexually active must either abstain from sex or use two forms of birth control.
While there are serious side effects, for those that suffer from serious forms of acne, Accutane (Isotretinoin) is one of the only practical ways to rid the face of acne breakouts.

Women Having Voice In The Relationship

Previous research have found that positive social relationships are often associated with better health and less incidence of cardiovascular disease. The assumption was based on the premise that the more friends you have, the better your health will be.  However, social relationships also include marriage. And due to conflicting findings on the health benefits of social support and the increase in heart disease risk among married women, researchers decided to take into consideration the quality of the relationship rather than the quantity. Marriages and close friendships marked by negativity, such as conflict and adverse exchanges, boost the risk of heart disease. In a shelter for abused women, you will see different faces of physically and emotionally battered women who have similar stories to tell. Some had lived through harrowing physical abuse from their husband or lover. Others had to bear a life of verbal assaults. For these women, survival meant to just accept everything and keep their mouths shut until they had mustered enough guts to escape.A new study on marriage, communication, and death appeared in the July-August edition of the Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine and featured the finding that women who don’t express themselves during disagreements with their husbands are four times more likely to die compared with women who express themselves freely. According to Dr. Elaine Eaker, author of the 10-year study, it is the first to look at the effect of marital strain in relationship to the development of heart disease and death. The study also confirmed that marriage is good for men’s health, but that unmarried men were twice as likely to die as married men.Dr. Eaker cannot exactly tell why it is so hard for some women to speak up. It may be some type of protection mechanism. There is a general notion that women are taught not to deal directly with their feelings.  On the other hand, men are raised to express their anger openly.   During domestic quarrels, women are usually afraid of showing their anger towards their husbands for fear of its consequence. Either due to the threat of physical violence, or fear of losing their husbands as well as financial security. And when anger builds up like stress, it can damage the heart. A case in point is the story of Vinnie, whose husband left her for a younger woman. When the new wife asked the husband to get all the kitchen wares, she allowed him without saying a word. After “self-censoring” for so long, Vinnie lost the ability to express anger. She died from heart disease. While taking into account other factors that could contribute to heart disease, such as depression, men and women with negative aspects in relationships are prone to a high risk of heart disease, married or unmarried, notwithstanding. And for women who are used to “self-silencing”, Dr. Eaker advises that they need to learn how to express themselves more constructively and out themselves in an environment where they feel safe to do so.

What are Good Vitamins for Women Whether In Your 30s, 40s, 50s or 60s?

The body’s health is a big concern for people, and that’s why they’re asking what are good vitamins for women? The good vitamins for women are all the vitamins that are essential for the body’s optimum functioning and for the preservation of the health. Vitamins are needed by the body for the wellbeing and the entire wellness of the woman.

In general, vitamins are good for women. Every vitamin is essential to help women preserve their health and one vitamin cannot be without the other. They work as one unit to help the body achieve optimum functioning. Because the body needs vitamins and minerals, the first thing you have to know is the different vitamins.

Vitamins are actually divided into two classifications. There are fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins. The fat soluble vitamins need fat in order to be absorbed and metabolized in the body. These vitamins are A, D, E, and K and can pass through the blood brain barrier of the brain. The water soluble vitamins on the other hand are metabolized and are easily absorbed in the bloodstream when there is water. These vitamins could not pass through the blood brain barrier of the body. The brain, like any other part of the body needs to receive vitamins as well. The different vitamins classified under the two classifications serve the body various functions.

When you want to find the right kinds of vitamins for you, then you should definitely look for several kinds of things. The question you should first ask is what are the good vitamins for women? Since you are a woman, even though there are lots of essential vitamins that are needed by your body, there are still some vitamins you need to have. As a woman, you need to understand the changes in your body before you go ahead to buy your vitamins.

Some of the most important vitamins your body needs are calcium and magnesium. These two work together to help the bones of the body get stronger. Women, as they get older, have the higher risk to develop and suffer from osteoporosis. This is the body’s condition wherein the bones become too brittle and even a mild trip or fall could result to a bone fracture or it could lead to immobility. That is why women are advised to drink milk and consume products rich in calcium and take supplements that would help the supply of the mineral in the body.

Aside from calcium and magnesium, the body also needs vitamins C and E, and folic acid is especially important for women who are pregnant. You should also look for vitamins that contain the broad spectrum of vitamin B. However, you should try and keep away from taking excessive fat soluble vitamins as they could cause toxicity.

You should also take vitamins that are antioxidants. These would definitely help in the delaying of the ageing process of the body’s cells and tissues. These antioxidants would help address the issues you may have with your skin. Antioxidants are also great in detoxifying the body and keeping off the free radicals that cause damage and certain diseases in the body. Women, as they get older, need to have a steady supply of these nutrients to help keep their body healthy.

After reading this through, are you still wondering what are good vitamins for women?

If you want to know what health supplements I personally use, go to this website: http://www.bestnutritionsupplements.com and you will see why!

Want to Get on Sale Zumba Fitness DVD Set?

If you take the time to think of all the several fat loss courses, workout routines and marvelous training equipment which boasts quick and also effective effects, next you will be prone to overlook the treatments that truly deliver. Men and women all around you need for great costs Zumba Fitness DVD set. It’s not key that losing fat takes time frame, even though numerous businesses will certainly sell their fast fat-burning solutions as helping you get rid of all those weight in mere times. Zumba Fitness workout is really a idea centering on applying Latin dance to generate an period routines period meant to burn fat laden calories inside a interesting and different system. Through a combination of doing slow tempos in addition more quickly and many more upbeat moves, the power to lose much calories may be achieved. Keep asking precisely why Zumba Fitness DVD set is so really valuable? With the new year everybody sets goals for losing bodyweight, eating much healthier and obtaining back shape, you will be worrying over not being able to fit into your selected jeans following the holidays, look into Zumba. It is possible to take a good move ahead while using Zumba video and dance your way into your own jeans.Zumba gives you all levels of courses and much of these kind of dance work outs will give you you much better flexibility, improve your heart and soul and increase your sense of balance, similar to performing yoga and aerobic exercise. When you finally get started feeling the music you are going to shortly forget you’re workouts and simply enjoy the dance. Consider having a physical fitness schedule that not only helps you attain the goal yet can also be lots of fun.

The benefits of cinnamon for female beauty

Cinnamon can be very useful for feminine beauty. How useful cinnamon? Cinnamon is primarily known as a spice with a truly divine aroma and exquisite taste that defines its active use in cooking and perfumery industry. In addition, cinnamon is an effective natural aphrodisiac, which allows us, for women to use this spice in their “selfish” interests. Today we will focus on other beneficial properties of cinnamon and talk about what good cinnamon can have our appearance and beauty. Let’s start a conversation about the beneficial properties of cinnamon in the field of cosmetology. It turns out that the biochemical composition of the spices is very diverse: cinnamon is rich in antioxidants and tannins, it can reduce inflammation and stimulate blood circulation (and, hence, accelerate the breakdown of fats). Because cinnamon in a large price from beauticians, as a means to feed and cleanse the skin. If you wish to have a fresh, smooth and elastic skin, use the tips cosmetologist. To assess the benefit of cinnamon in the home will face masks. The most simple and yet effective formula: We invite you to try a mask with cinnamon for a person. Mash-third of the banana, add 2 tablespoons sour cream, 1 tsp cinnamon and a few drops of lemon juice. Put the mixture on the skin and keep a quarter of an hour, then rinse the face with warm water and grease cream.

 

 

Kannur- land of the Theyyam-the dance of the Gods

SANJAI VELAYUDHAN

Introduction:

Kannur was earlier known by its anglicized name “Cranganore” or Portuguese name “Cannannore”. It is known as “Land of Looms and Lores”. It is the largest city of North Malabar. Kannur is singularly famous for the “Theyyam” performance-the magico-religious dance. It is believed that during its performance, its performer is possessed by the spirits of the gods and the performer thus is considered as God during that brief period (Theyyam is described below). It appears that the name ‘Kannur’ owes its name to the ancient village of Kannathur. A village with the name exists even today in one of the wards of Kannur Municipality. The village itself might have derived the name from one of the Aryan Gods-Krishna. Krishna is widely prayed to by people of Kerala especially women folk. Krishna is considered to be a manifestation of the important member of the Hindu trinity-Vishnu. According to the Hindu Mythology, in order to save the earth and humanity, Vishnu had to take ten different avatars. Each of these avatars was born on the terra firma as humans. With the possible exception of Rama avatar, every other manifestation seems to have retained extraordinary divine powers despite them being “humans”. It may be said that among all the avatars, Krishna seems to have been one of the popular and prayed to by most of the people of India. The “Guruvayoor” temple in Kerala is one of the most prominent among many.  He was depicted as a carefree and naughty god with a soft corner for the womenfolk. His dalliances with gopis (milk-girls) from his village of Mathura have been celebrated in music and paintings as “divine-play”. Despite this playboy reputation, he is also respected as a powerful god who revealed the influential Hindu philosophical treatise “the Gita”. H e was also the chief protagonist of the Hindu epic- “The Mahabharata”. Thus, direct association with Krishna was a matter of great pride. Krishna is also worshipped in his child-form predominantly called “Kannan”. Kannur could be the combination of two words- “Kannan” and “Ur” (means place or land). These two words combined would mean the land or place of Kannan lending Kannur with some association with divinity. Close Association between Kannur with Gods has given rise to its characteristic lores. 

Kannur was an important port on the Arabian Sea and was merchants engaged in trade with Persia and Arabia in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Due to its strategic location, it was also made the British military headquarters on India’s west coast up to 1887. In conjunction with her sister city Thalassery (anglicized name Tellicherry), it was the third largest city on the western coast of British India in the eighteenth century after Mumbai and Karachi. Contemporary Kannur is the most urbanized district in Kerala, with more than 50% of its residents living in urban areas. Its urban population is the second largest in Kerala after Ernakulam district.

During the British Rule, Kannur was part of the then Madras province in the District of North Malabar. Despite its close and intense associations with the Hindu religion, Kannur also has the distinction of being the capital city of only Muslim Sultanate of Kerala known as Arakkal dynasty.

Kannur continues to be of strategic military importance for India. It houses one of the 62 military cantonments in the country,

the Kannur Cantonment, and is the current seat of the Defense Security Corps.

 

 

 

Geography:

Kannur district lies between latitudes 11° 40′ to 12° 48′ North and longitudes 74° 52′ to 76° 07′ East. It is bound by the Western Ghats in the East (Coorg district of Karnataka State), Kozhikode (anglicized name Calicut) and Wayanad districts, in the South, Lakshadweep Sea in the West and Kasaragode, district in the North.

The district can be divided into three geographical regions – highlands, midlands and lowlands. The highland region comprises mainly of mountains where coffee, rubber, tea, cardamom and other spices are grown in plantations. It is also famous for timber trees like teak and has localized areas dominated by bamboo. The midland region, lying between its mountains and the low lands, is made up of undulating hills and valleys. Six rivers drain Kannur, the longest being the Valapattanam river with a length of 110 km. Other rivers flowing through Kannur district are Kuppam, Mahe River, Anjarakandi, Thalassery, Ramapuram and Perumba. This is an area of intense agricultural activity where rice and paddy are grown. Major part of the district comes under midland region with numerous hills and dales and it presents an undulating surface gradually ascending and merging into the slopes of Western Ghats. The lowland is relatively narrow and comprises of rivers, deltas and seashore. This is a region of coconut and paddy cultivation. Kannur district is very rich in vegetation. Natural vegetation is contained in thick forests. Plant communities, ranging from psammophytes and mangroves to evergreen forests are seen in this district.

The earliest evidence of human habitation in the district is rock-cut caves and megalithic burial sites of the Neolithic age. There is no evidence of the Paleolithic man having lived in this region. Nevertheless, rock-cut caves and Megalithic burial sites of the Neolithic age have come to light in certain parts of the district The Thaliparamba-Kannur-Thalassery area abounds in rock-cut caves, dolmens, burial stone circles and menhirs, all of megalithic burial order. It can be assumed that the first batch of Aryan immigrants into the State entered the district through the Tuluva (part of the contemporary Karnataka state) region.

The area today known as Kannur was previously part of the Chera (a strong southern dynasty) kingdom, which ruled most of Kerala during the first several centuries CE. The Chera king was Kulashekhara Varman. Cheras ruled Kerala between 9th and 12th century with their capital at Mahodayapuram and Kannur was part of this empire. During this time, a line of rulers known as the Mooshaka Kings held sway over Chirakkal and Kasaragode areas (Kolattunadu) with their capital near Mount Eli (or ezhi). It is difficult to say if the Mooshaka kings were feudatories of the Cheras or an independent dynasty. By the 14th century A.D., the old Mooshaka kingdom had come to be known as Kolattunadu and the rulers known as Kolathiris and had come into prominence in north Kerala. The Kolathiris had acquired political and military power and had become a force to reckon with by the time of the arrival of the Portuguese towards the end of the 15th century. They were political and commercial rivals of the Zamorins of Kozhikode. Later Kannur was made the capital of the Kolathiri Rajas, whose kingdom had trading relations with Arabia and Persia in the 12th century and 13th centuries. In his book on travels, Marco Polo recounts his visit to the area in mid 1290’s. Other visitors included Fa-hien, the Buddhist pilgrim and Ibn Batuta, Moroccan writer and historian.  According to local legends, the ships of Solomon had anchored along the coasts of Kannur to collect timber for building the Temple of the Lord. Kannur also finds mention as Naura in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a Greek work of great antiquity.

There was intense rivalry between the then contemporary rulers of Kerala to dominate the lucrative spice trade. To control the trade meant control of the coastlines where the ports were located. These rivalries triggered off constant wars. Despite the obvious dangers of letting-in colonial powers in their territory, the rulers didn’t stop their petty skirmishes. It was these gaps that every colonial power exploited. The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama when he passed by Kannur in 1498 also used the opportunities and got into an alliance with the Kolathiri kings. Though Vasco Da Gama, the famous Portuguese navigator, did not visit Kannur on his way to Kozhikode in May 1498, he established contacts with the Kolathiri ruler. His ships which had left Kozhikode on August 29, 1498 were contacted by the boats sent by the Kolathiri and Gama was invited to visit the palace. The aim of the Kolathiri was to gain wealth and power with the help of the Portuguese, the same way his rival the Zamorin had acquired with the help of the Arabs. In winning the alliance of the Kolathiri, Vasco Da Gama, in turn, had successfully exploited the jealousies of the native princes and won for the Portuguese a virtual monopoly of the pepper trade. He was able to get his permission to build a Portuguese settlement in the premises of Kannur.  Francisco De Almeida was sent from Portugal with specific instructions to erect forts at strategic points. He started constructing the Kannur Fort in 1505 and it was named St. Angelo.The settlement was just the beginning and it is here that the iconic St. Angelo’s fort was built. On March 16, 1506, the Portuguese effectively intercepted an armada of Turks and Arabs, whom the Zamorin had launched against Kannur. The Portuguese navy under Lorenzo Almeida engaged the Zamorin’s fleet in battle and the Portuguese ships won a decisive victory. This naval victory resulted in the establishment of Portuguese naval supremacy in the Indian seas.

As the power of the Portuguese grew, the Kolathiri and the Zamorin started feeling the jitters. Despite intense rivalry, the Zamorin was able to convince the Kolathiri of the real motives of the Portuguese in India and the perils inherent in his policy of befriending them. To accentuate their alienation with the local princes and chieftains, the devoutly catholic Portuguese followed a policy of religious persecution and forcible conversion. Finally Portuguese were seen as a common enemy and an alliance was sealed between the Kolathiri and the Zamorin. In 1558, the Kolathiri came openly into the field against the Portuguese by providing active support to the Kunjhali Marrikkar (the rebel naval captain) of Kozhikode. The Kolathiri and the Zamorin fought a common war against the Portuguese and they besieged the fort of St. Angelo at Kannur, in 1564. But the Portuguese continued to maintain a precarious foothold at Kannur till 1663 when the fort was captured by another European colonial power-the Dutch in February that year.

The English East India Company had humble beginnings in Kerala. It got its first foothold in the district when in the closing years of the 17th century; it acquired a site at Thalassery for the erection of a fort and a factory. In spite of the many difficulties it had to face in the initial stages, the trade of the English East India Company prospered during the latter part of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, due to their liberal trade policies. Further, unlike the Portuguese, they refused to interfere in the religious and caste affairs of the local population. In the latter half of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century Kolathiri’s dominion started disintegrating due to dissensions in the royal family. It gave the British the opportunity to acquire political power in around the territories. With the ascension of Haider Ali on the Mysore throne, a new “native” army was on the prowl for expanded territories. Haider Ali conquered Malabar in 1773. In January 1788, Tipu Sultan descended on Kerala with a large army and founded a new capital at Feroke for his Malabar province. In the latter half of the 18th century, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, rulers of Mysore, conquered much of Kannur which was then British territory. The British branded Haider Ali and Tipu sultan as arch enemies competing for their territory and thus their trade. With strong and competing motives, conflicts between these parties were but a natural progression of ambitions. In 1792, at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Mysore War, the British had decisively defeated the Mysorean forces in Kerala. The treaties of Srirangapatanam, signed on 22nd February and 18th March, 1792, formally ceded their possessions to the British. They took over Kannur and the surrounding region, and made into the new Malabar District. This district was made a part of the British India’s Madras Presidency. The British Government divided the province of Malabar into two administrative divisions – the Northern and Southern, presided over by a Superintendent each at Thalassery and Cherpulasseri, under the general control of the Supervisor and Chief Magistrate of the province of Malabar who had his headquarters at Kozhikode.

The defeat of Tipu sultan was symbolic of the death of native resistance. Though Tipu was a great warrior, his own thirst for dominance had resulted in constant invasions of neighboring areas. Despite shades of magnanimity in his personality he didn’t hesitate in forcibly converted many natives to Islam. But he effectively cultivated an image of a “secular–radical” warrior. His defeat symbolized ominous times to come and come it did. The British were the new rulers and the rulers within the region understood this very well. The victors get to keep all the spoils- in order to consolidate their possessions, the British were able to “enter” into agreements with the Rajas of Chirakkal, Kottayam and Kadathanand and all of them acknowledged the full sovereignty of the Company over their respective territories. The “company” was now crowned the King of Kerala (at least most of the parts).

The symbolic importance of the St. Angelo’s Fort:

It was built in 1505 by Dom Francisco de Almeida, the first Portuguese Viceroy of India. It is situated along the Arabian Sea about 3 km from Kannur town. It was not trade alone that was in the minds of the Portuguese when they wanted to built a settlement in Kannur. They were planning for a longer stay and knew that dominating the native population wouldn’t be an easy task. As every colonialist knows, it is important to overwhelm a population and dominate their minds if they were to be subjugated. Thus, in order to fortify their position in both on land and the minds of these natives, the Portuguese used architecture. Architecture has proved its power in overawing the masses; be it a palace, fort, churches or other secular structures. Size does dominate and it has been proven over and over again. Thus, the Portuguese led by Don Francisco de Almeida, the first Portuguese viceroy for India, built the St. Angelo’s Fort north of Kannur in 1505 on a promontory jutting into the Lakshadweep Sea. Though not massive in size compared to other forts in India, Its strong walls do give the impression of strength. Guns were placed at strategic points that were visible to people. The fort has become apart of local lores and became symbolic of colonial power and dominance over the natives.

The fort as the first colonial structure acquired a certain element of legitimacy and became the symbol of authority. It was almost like “he who owns the fort owns the land”.  Thus its ownership became the ultimate objective for all colonialists. Its ownership changed hands several times. In 1663 the fort was captured by the Dutch, signifying the transfer of power to them. However, the fort was strongly identified with the Portuguese power and in symbolic dismissal of the importance of the Portuguese power; the fort was sold to the Arakkal King in 1772. As habitual colonizers, the British understood the symbolic power of the structure and conquered it in 1790 and transformed it into one of their major military stations on the Malabar Coast.

Even today, it is a fairly well preserved monument stands with pride and its big guns still menacingly watch out for intruders. A painting of this fort and the fishing ferry as a back ground has been displayed at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. When the head of Kunjhali Marakkar (the iconic rebel naval captain) was defeated, his dismembered body and exhibited here sending as strong message to the inhabitants and their rulers.

Thalassery Fort-symbolizing the humble beginnings of the British:

This fort symbolizes the humble beginnings of the English unlike the grand entry of the Portuguese. They arrived in Thalassery in 1683 and erected a shed (temporary building) here to enable storing the goods they had acquired to trade. They shifted their commercial capital to Thalassery from Kozhikode in desperation as the then dominant power; the Dutch had obstructed their trade. By 1700, the British built the Thalassery Fort on a small hill called Tiruvellapadukunnu and by 1708, they had acquired the confidence to strengthen it by increasing its height and building bastions. The fort is a square structure built of laterite and is distinguished by its massive ventilated walls and strong flanking bastions. It was also used to imprison rebels.  Behind the fort there is a cemetery where the members of the colonial community were buried. Though the cemetery is in a dilapidated state, even today one can read the writings on the tombstones. The famous St. John’s Anglican Church is located behind this fort.

Theyyam-a brief Sketch:

Theyyam is a unique art form of art prevalent in the Malabar region of Kerala. Northern Malabar region traditionally called the Kolattunadu comprises the Kannur and the Kasaragode district and is the epicenter of Theyyam. Theyyam is traditionally known as Kaliyattom.  Kaliyattom is performed annually as a part of a religious practice. A combination of animism, totemism, and primitive tribal beliefs, its sustenance has also been powered by the consistency of belief in its representation as “the dance of the Gods”. The performers’ use of bright colors on their faces and their costumes, powerful & aggressive performances in the backdrop of loud and rhythmic music makes it a visual delight. This dance form is masculine in its depiction called “thandava” though most of deities propitiated are mother goddesses.

Theyyam has a radically distinct form of worship from Hinduism. The shrines around which the performance happened are marked by the absence of idols. The object of worship was the sword, shields and other accessories that were used by the theyyam performers during their performances. This helps us understand the religio-martial significance of Theyaam performances.

Theyyam truly belongs to the genre of folklore considering that it has sustained itself on the involvement and support of the inhabitants of the Malabar region. This ancient art form represents the collective aspirations of the people who believe that during the performance the body of the human that performs Theyyam becomes the vehicle for the appeased god to descent in their midst. Theyyam is not just an art form, it is a religion. It is the art form of the people, by the people and for the people.

 

Theyyam performance seeks to bring the gods to the earth temporarily. The body of the performer or “deham” becomes a medium for the earthly descent of gods. After the necessary rituals, the dancer goes into a trance and it is believed that the spirit of gods have entered into his body. For the next few minutes, the dancer becomes the divine and is treated as one. This dance form is the outcome of severe caste system in Kerala. With the people from the lower castes not allowed into the religious mainstream including visiting temples or reading holy scriptures, this was their religion and their way of worship. Describing theyyam is out of the scope of this work however it may be stated that theyyam also represented the only way of dissent in those constraining times.

Prominent places in Kannur:

Muzhappilangad Beach: it is located 15.Kms from Kannur and 8 Kms from Thalassery. Black rocks protect this long clean beach from the currents of the deep, making it shallows waters a swimmer’s paradise. This is the only drive-in beach in Kerala and one can drive entire length of 4 Kms.

Ezhimala: was the capital of the ancient Mooshaka kings and is an ancient historical site. It is conspicuous by its isolation among a cluster of hills forming a promontory. It is located 38 Kms north of Kannur. A flourishing sea port and centre of trade in ancient Kerala, it was also one of the major battle fields of the Chola-Chera war of the 11th century. Local lores attribute a visit by Lord Buddha to Ezhimala. The hill is noted for rare medicinal herbs. Bordered by sea on three sides, the importance of Ezhimala has increased since the building of the Indian Naval Academy.

Pythal Mala: is located 65 Kms from Kannur Town. This enchanting hill station is situated at a height of 4,500 ft. above sea level. It is near the Kerala-Karnataka border and is rich in flora and fauna. To reach the top of the hill, one has to undertake a 6 km trek.  

Snake Park at Parassinikkadavu: The Snake Park at Parassinikkadavu is situated 18 Kms from Kannur town. It Is one of the most well-known snake parks in the country. The park is dedicated to the preservation and conservation of snakes, some of which are facing extinction. It houses a large collection of venomous and non-venomous snakes. It also has a facility to prepare anti-venom.

Mappila Bay: is a natural fishing harbour, lying near and visible from the St. Angelo’s fort. A sea wall projecting from the fort separates the rough sea and inland water. The bay was famous during the Kolathiris’ regime as the commercial harbour that linked Kolattunadu with Lakshadweep and foreign countries for trading. Contemporary Mappila bay has been turned into a modernized fishing harbour, developed under an Indo-Norwegian Pact.

© Sanjai velayudhan

end note: please give your feedback on Sanjai.velayudhan@gmail.com.

The Benefits Of A Strength Training Program

An effective strength training program and a healthier diet can enhance weight loss while maintaining good health. In today’s rising problems with obesity, more and more people are gaining unwanted weight due to the quality of foods they eat and their chosen lifestyle. Concerns about obesity and other health issues brought about the need for healthier food options and proven exercise programs.

Strength Training Program for Men and Women is one of the Best Options to Consider

Numerous studies have proven that an appropriate strength training program is one of the most effective and healthy options for losing weight. However, before we can say that such a training program is truly the best option, it is essential that we first learn what it is all about. A strength training program involves exercises that make the muscles to tighten by resisting pressure provided by weights, rubber tubing, high-resistance equipment, or the individual’s own body weight by repeating a certain exercise step for about two minutes.

The different types of strength training program include:

Strength training programs may also be classified as weight training program, plyometric training program, and resistance training program.

Remarkable Benefits of a Reliable Strength Training Program

A reliable training program has numerous benefits in maintaining good health and providing the needed energy, especially among people over forty. Some of the remarkable benefits of a strength training program are:

Before you enroll in any strength training program, make sure that you first consult your doctor or any licensed physical therapist. It is crucial that the strength training exercises suit your body requirements. A wrong training program will result to more injuries than health benefits.

If you are doing the strength training program at home, find a good online personal trainer who can help you achieve your goal with the appropriate strength training program recommended by your doctor. Most online personal trainers are highly trained and hold certification from known fitness organizations. When you enroll in any of the online programs, you will definitely gain the numerous benefits from a strength training program.

Women Health Care tips in urdu

Do you find it hard to balance your work and family? Have you thought of taking a much-needed break? It is medically proven women are much more prone to health risks than men. Women’s health needs extra care and attention. Their constitution is very different and hence needs special care. The importance of taking care of ones health is not understood by many women. But the earlier they understand it is better for them.Here are some health tips, which should be religiously followed amidst all the ordeals, such as, full-time job, meeting office targets, family responsibilities and household chores. These round the clock duties and responsibilities are the major factors that take its toll on women. Many a times it is hard for women’s to juggle and strike a perfect balance between their personal and professional life.Amidst all hard work, and family responsibilities women go through different hormonal changes, pregnancy, and the period of menopause; and women rarely get the time to give personal attention to their health and wellness. Still if the simple daily health tips for women can be included in the daily schedule then you can find a sea of changes in every woman and her health.Women Health CareWomen health care in most cases takes a back seat because of the multitude tasks she has to undertake. Health care for women means extra nutrition and care especially when they cross the age of 30. They should follow specific diet tips and develop a healthy eating habit. Diseases that are common in women are anemia, anxiety, depression, osteoporosis, migraine, weight gain and weakness. They are the ailments which begin with simple symptoms but might go to extreme degrees if adequate attention is not provided. So if you could only try to follow the health tips for women before it gets too late for everything then you can ensure a healthy you.There are various health magazines for women and women health websites giving a number of healthy tips for women. Women’s health care practices will indeed improve if they put a stern eye over the health tips offered by the various sources. So let us have a look over the simplest of ways and try to remain healthy and happy. With the tips you will be highly benefited and you will slowly find the changes in you and your health.Health Tips for WomenYou should drink lots of water. At least 8 -12 glasses of water consumption should be done by an adult. Develop a healthy eating habit and live more on fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables, and food rich in fiber, shoots, seeds and cereals. Increase your protein intake and also have more of carbohydrate in your diet. Calcium rich diet is also essential for women as they tend to suffer a lot from osteoporosis after menopause. You should do some, yoga, exercises and work out a daily basis, so that you can stay in shape as well as fit and healthy. These will surely help you to remain active for a long time.

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How women benefit from fitness boot camp

Increasing numbers of women are facing fitness issues across the world as many of them start gaining weight after pregnancy, while others are obese from their younger days due to sedentary life style. For a woman, fitness is vital to look beautiful and also for versatility of movements. Fitness boot camps, therefore, are now seen as useful in bringing back their bodies to utmost fitness so that they can do daily chores of life with ease and at the same time look great.  In keeping with specific fitness needs of women, they can now find a fitness boot camp that is specially designed for their bodies. The workouts are specially carved out with the safety and security aspects in mind. The work out in such fitness holidays is entirely different than the camps for men. Even the fun nature of such camps for women is more in place than for men. A unique feature of fitness boot camp for women is that the overall atmosphere is generally more relaxed then for the men. This is in keeping with the basic fun loving nature of women. Such health retreats pay more attention to providing support to the women who are out there in the camp to loose weight. These camps are more sympathetic to them and encourage them to get rid of obesity.